Ideal Society

The perfectly balanced and ideal society consists of Albert Einstein, Tyra Banks, Detective Janine Busby, Franklin Mumford, and Dr. Gregory House. Originally, my society consisted of all these individuals, with the exception of Albert Einstein. I had initially included Kanye West as an entertaining and immoral figure. However, I traded West with Einstein, when I realized the insignificance of an entertainment figure, since I had already inserted Tyra Banks who is entertaining in her own way. I also felt that placing someone specifically for their immoral actions was pointless as well, because as time passes, eventually all these individuals will clash and somebody will do something worth punishing anyway. Thus, Einstein seemed like a more viable option, because he could contribute much more. Einstein also fits in well with my society, because Franklin Mumford has the potential to do great things, if not greater things in the future. Therefore, Einstein would serve as the perfect role model and teacher to him. Dr. House is fundamental, because he isn’t simply a doctor, he is a diagnostician so there is essentially nothing he hasn’t seen or isn’t prepared to see. As for my inclusion of the women, Tyra Banks and Detective Janine Busby, I wanted to make sure they were great mother figures and were in dominant roles. It is crucial for any child to have a maternal figure in their lives. I also purposely chose these women, because of their professions. They work in fields that have been typically regarded as a man’s job, but in my society, the men will step down as the women take the role of mother and superwoman.

The Perfect Society

Fictional Character - Dr. Gregory House, diagnostician, from the TV show 'HOUSE'
Role: Medical service/healer; comedian; teacher
WHY: He is an expert in deciphering unknown conditions; passionate about helping others while taking a more witty and sarcastic approach to medicine & serious situations. He is willing to teach those eager to learn.

Non-Fiction - Detective Janine Busby
Role: law enforcement, mother figure, warrior
WHY: She is strong & can be the prime example of the strength women possess; ensures & cares about the safety of others while also enforcing laws - (moral, state) no matter what.

Non-Fiction - Kanye West, rapper & producer
Role: Entertainment, immoral person
WHY: He makes great music & is a musical genius. Makes impulsive decisions & impulsive statements which often leads him into trouble, which also adds excitement to society.

Non-Fiction - Tyra Banks, Model, TV personality, actress
Role: entertainment, teacher, mother figure, businesswoman
WHY: She is inspirational and can motivate others to reach for the stars; she isn't afraid to step outside the norm to be herself & to make people laugh. Another representation of an 'Alpha Female'.

Fiction - Franklin Mumford, from the TV show 'My Wife & Kids'
Role: scholar, dreamer/abstract thinker
WHY: He is a young scholar with an intellect higher than most adults. He is a dreamer and is willing to explore & discover new things that will make society progressive.

Modern Day Chivalric Code

Man’s guide to life aka the CHIVALRIC CODE

1) Don’t lie! (Most of you are horrible at it anyway). Equivocating and omitting is accepted. Telling your spouse everything can be quite selfish because you are alleviating yourself of the pain brought on by guilt & thrusting that pain onto the shoulders of someone else.

2) Be considerate. Work on being honest but also taking one’s feelings into consideration as well.

3) Get in touch with your feelings. REAL MEN CRY! It is OKAY to cry, just let it out. It will bring you much closer to the person you care about.

4) Get a job. Nobody wants to be with a man who cannot provide for them, let alone take care of themselves. A sense of motivation, independence, and confidence is a turn on.

5) Have a purpose – set a goal. Couch potatoes are the worst! Believe in something and take action.

6) Take pride in family. It is one of the most important aspects of one’s life and is a great indicator as to how a man values the meaning of unconditional love.

7) Don’t say it unless you mean it. Ensure that you can actually carry out all your promises and simply stand by your word.

8) Eliminate sex. Not to say practice abstinence but If you can until marriage, that’s great. However, next time you enter a relationship, try to think with your head and not with your…

9) Be Strong. Not just physically, but mentally as well.

10) Be yourself. Don’t try to be someone you’re not to please someone else. Never forget who you are! LOVE yourself.

Essential #4

Create an intertextual analysis of "Beowulf" and William Henley's "Invictus".

In his writing, Henley has established himself as a strong man determined to overcome all adversities. These characteristics are predominately present in the epic poem Beowulf. While many characters in Beowulf face overwhelming obstacles, Beowulf has definitely emerged from “out of the night that covers [him]” (‘Invictus’ Henley). He has proven countless times that he does not give up, no matter how difficult the challenge (i.e – his battle with the sea serpents during a race with Breca). Henley exerts a sense of confidence in his achievements in terms of overcoming all barriers, similar to the confidence seen in Beowulf: “[Beowulf] rejoiced in his night’s work, his glorious achievement … [he] made good his boast to the East-Danes” (816-818). Despite their complete belief in their own capabilities, Henley and Beowulf also realize that they cannot achieve greatness on their own. In the midst of his ‘boasting’, if you will, Henley acknowledges the source of all his strength: “I thank whatever Gods may be/For my unconquerable soul” (‘Invictus’ Henley). His thanks and praise to the man above is identical to Beowulf’s thanks and praise upon his battle with Grendel. He recognized that if it weren’t for the Lord, he would not have defeated Grendel. However, what separates Beowulf and Henley is Beowulf’s shift from a Christ-like figure to a conquerable soul that gave into temptation. In the end, despite Beowulf’s mistakes, he is a definite representation of Henley’s belief: “I am the master of my fate/I am the captain of my soul” (‘Invictus’ Henley). Not only has Beowulf fulfilled his fate as a warrior but he has also taken control of his fate.

Essential Question #2

What are a hero's social obligations?

Heroes are socially obligated to set an example for their society. While heroes are entitled to make mistakes at times, they must also work to creating a positive reputation or image for themselves. Without these particular credentials, a figure can often be overlooked and ultimately not even be considered a hero. The famous philosopher Socrates stated that “The only way to gain a good reputation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear”. Therefore, it is important that people who are considered heroes do not solely rely on their heroic actions for recognition. In addition, heroes are also obligated to be martyrs. This does not necessarily mean that all heroes must die in order for them to be considered heroic. It simply means that heroes must be courageous enough to accept the fact that they may lose their life during a mission. All feelings of fear, apprehension, and selfishness must go out the window when one takes on the role of a hero. Feelings such as fear and/or apprehension are ultimately a hindrance to a hero’s mission. They are emotions that often cloud one’s judgment; therefore, a hero must rid themselves of anything that may cause this. These are the characteristics that separate the average Joe from a hero, and if one can fulfill these obligations, then they can be a hero.

Essential #1

The divisions we have created in our society cross social, economical, and racial boundaries. We have been unknowingly conditioned to alienate those who don't comply with the standards set by the environment around us. Divisions are present in issues such as homosexuality where homosexuals are viewed as stains on our nation. Because of this erroneous notion set forth, we have excluded homosexuals from the human right to join in matrimony, ultimately dividing our society through social inequality. Discrimination is extremely common and ultimately, a main cause of the divisions present today. While racial discrimination is not as intense as is was decades ago, it is still an issue that thickens that wall of division. For example, people of color tend to have a lot more difficulty obtaining a position of merit compared to their Caucasian counterparts. As a whole, we have inadvertently adopted the motto 'Survival of the Fittest' in our lives. In turn, we have created a capitalist society where division sprouts from as well. We refuse to promote equality among all citizens and would rather continue to work solely and selfishly towards benefiting ourselves. While the middle and low class workers work hard and get nowhere, the higher class continues to obtain more wealth than is necessary. Not only does this create division, but it also brings about hostility between the two classes. In the end, it is our complacency and our decision to conform to standards set forth by society that creates division around us, and perpetuates it as well.

DG Essay

Ashley Ducrepin
AP English 11 – Mr. George
04.06.2010

God Does Not Call Us to Bring Our Sins to Heaven and Earth

There is a God who calls upon his children to confess their sins for they will receive absolute salvation. One may seek forgiveness solely from the almighty, omnipotent being who is capable of forgiving our sins: “though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow” (Isaiah 1:18). The object of confession is to achieve redemption, and since nobody but God can grant this, one’s confession to the public is pointless. Therefore, Dorian Gray is wrong in his belief that there is a God who calls “upon men to tell their sins to earth as well as to Heaven” (Wilde 228). Dorian’s erroneous belief sprouts from his false understanding of Christianity. Along with the characters of The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter, Dorian Gray lives in a society based on sin, ultimately hindering their ability to seek redemption from the public. Thus, it is these characters’ duty to rise above the sin that surrounds them and confess their sins solely to a most just God.

The town portrayed in The Crucible is best known as a sham theocracy. The court system attempted to prove their infallibility despite the many lies and deception they based their lives on. They even tried to prove that they were just as perfect as God at the expense of other people’s lives: “Postponement now speaks a floundering on [Judge Danforth’s] part … [Danforth] should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law” (Miller 129). Ultimately, the people who make up the court system are not free from sin, therefore they have no jurisdiction in the condemning of souls. Seeking redemption from a court system full of sinful people is just as senseless as a relapsed drug addict seeking help from an alcoholic. They claim to be a religious based society, yet they defy one of God’s most important law: “Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned” (Lk 6: 37). This is one of the few sins the court system is guilty of, the court’s fallacies were also demonstrated through their inability to see who was actually deserving of punishment.

God is the only being that is incapable of making errors, a quality that can never be obtained by a human. The court wrongfully persecuted, John Proctor, a man who sought redemption from the only one able to grant it: “I confess to God, and God has seen my name … it is enough” (Miller 142). Although Proctor eventually gave in and publicly confessed, it was not until he confessed to God that he felt satisfied. It, once again, asserted the senselessness in confessing to a society blinded by sin. Abigail Williams’ lies were the igniting spark and fuel that set the witch hunt ablaze, yet the court failed to see this. This erroneous notion that radiated throughout the towns of Salem and Boston was the same one implemented within Dorian Gray; they all believed that a sinner must “suffer public shame” (Wilde 228). However, one should be granted with salvation after confession, rather than be tortured by the overwhelming emotion of shame.

In Boston, society’s objective was to bring shame upon Hester Prynne for her sin of adultery. They did this by forcing her to bear a physical embodiment of her sin as well as making her stand on a scaffold for hours where she was the object of ridicule and cruelty: “‘they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne’s forehead’” (Hawthorne 49). Despite their beliefs, it was made crystal clear that shame does not bring one to salvation. In Hester’s case, shame brought her to benevolence while the emotion brought Dorian to murder.

Even before being the “subject of the sermon”, “punishment of children”, or the “punishment of new eyes” (Hawthorne 79), Hester found redemption. She acknowledged her sins and looked to dissolve any feelings of shame through charity: “Hester bestowed all her superfluous means in charity, on wretches less miserable than herself … she employed in making coarse garments for the poor” (Hawthorne 77). Though Dorian never publicly confessed his sin as Hester did, he felt overwhelmingly shameful when confronted by Basil Hallward, who was unaware of the bargain he made. Instead of suppressing this emotion or using it for good, Dorian allowed it to evolve into “an uncontrollable hatred for Basil [that seemed to be] suggested to him by the image in the canvas [that] whispered into his ear by those grinning lips” (Wilde 162). Dorian, who killed Basil as a result of shame, exemplified the danger in experiencing public shame. Dorian admitted that “the murder had been simply the madness of the moment” (Wilde 227). The minor shame that came about due to Basil’s concerns drove Dorian to madness. If the shame that caused Dorian to kill was not even public, it makes one wonder how destructive Dorian would be if he were forced to stand on a scaffold for hours being the object of crude and taunting remarks. Even if Dorian could handle facing public shame, he could never bring himself to confess.

Both Dorian Gray and Reverend Dimmesdale struggled internally with the burden of their sins. The Reverend’s torment was evident through his physical transformation: “his cheek was paler and thinner, and his voice more tremulous than before” (Hawthorne 111). On the other hand, the burden of Dorian’s sin sought out to dominate him and send him in a state of paranoia: “what sort of life would his be if, day and night, shadows of his crime were to peer at him from silent corners, to mock him from secret places, to whisper in his ear as he sat at the feast, to wake him with icy fingers as he lay asleep!” (Wilde 206). As Dorian stated, the only way they could rid themselves of these tortures was to confess and be the object of disgrace, however they were not able to due to their society. In Boston, Dimmesdale was highly respected for his priesthood: “in [society’s] eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified” (Hawthorne 130). On the contrary, Dorian was praised solely for his good looks: “‘Dorian, with your pure, bright, innocent face, untroubled youth – I can’t believe anything against you’” (Wilde 154). With high expectations set, it made it extremely difficult for them to publicly confess. Dorian acknowledged the difficulties in confessing: “even if he did confess, who would believe him?” (Wilde 228). Thus, it explains why Dorian failed to fulfill his claim, again demonstrating the invalidity of his statement. In the end, Dimmesdale was able to find salvation without public confession, while Dorian continued to struggle with his sins, because of his refusal to ask God for forgiveness.

With the possibility of public confession out of the picture, the only way Dorian could satiate his feelings of shame and terror was through confession to the Lord. God would relieve any feelings of discomfort within him if he would simply ask for forgiveness. However, because Dorian has a false understanding of Christianity, he could not bring himself to confess despite Basil’s urgings. Basil encourages Dorian to pray for in turn he will be absolved of his past sins, but Dorian argues that “‘it is too late’” (Wilde 162). Again, Dorian is erroneous in his statement and Reverend Dimmesdale is a contradicting example to this. After seven lengthy years of physical and mental torture, Dimmesdale’s ailments were finally alleviated through salvation. As Basil attempted to explain, it is never too late to ask God for forgiveness. Throughout the text, it seemed as though Dorian did everything possible to evade repentance: “though forgiveness was impossible, forgetfulness was possible still, and he was determined to forget” (Wilde 189). There is nothing wrong with putting a sin from the past in the past, however one must be forgiven first; it is not the other way around. Hester Prynne sought out exoneration, received it, and moved on using charity as a means of forgetting. Dorian only sought out to forget through the use of drugs in attempts to rid himself of the guilt: “the memory of old sins could be destroyed by the madness of sins that were new” (Wilde 189). Dorian failed to grasp the true meaning of Christianity. It became increasingly clear that Dorian needed to confess his sins to the Lord, but he could not do this until he acknowledged his sins.

Because of the terror that began to dominate him, Dorian had no choice but to admit his sin, whether it was to himself or to others. The only thing Dorian failed to realize was the mere fact that he was responsible. This one factor separates Dorian from Hester, Proctor, and Dimmesdale. Unlike Dorian Gray, they were all able to find redemption because they owned up to their sins. Dorian met Basil and Lord Henry, two men who had an overwhelming influence on him. This strong and undeniable influence led Dorian to believe that he could not be held accountable for his dreadful actions: “‘Whatever my life is, [Basil] had more to do with the making or marring of it than poor Harry has had’” (Wilde 173). The first step to absolution is actually admitting that one is at fault for their sin. Without this recognition, Dorian simply cannot confess: “If we claim we have not sinned, we make [God] out to be a liar and his word has no place in our lives” (1 John 1: 10). Dorian continued to blame everyone and everything, but himself, thus there was nothing to confess and with no confession, there is no absolution. To further prove that he was not to blame, Dorian sought out to destroy the portrait , hoping to be free from any feelings of guilt: “He would destroy it … [the knife] would kill the painter’s work, and all that that meant” (228). Dorian’s decision to eradicate the portrait, which was also a physical representation of his conscience, was his worst act. In the end, his worst and final sin demonstrated Dorian’s helpless situation. His statement remains untrue, but for Dorian Gray, there is no alternative.

Hester Prynne is the only one who exemplifies the positivity in experiencing public shame. However, she did not find redemption due to the public shame, she found it herself. Therefore, the only thing God calls us to do when we sin is to confess solely to him. Of all the characters discussed above, the only one who failed to grasp the true meaning of Christianity was Dorian Gray. As a result, his fateful end was much more agonizing than anyone else’s. It was evident that Dorian was to blame for his actions, in spite of the many influences he encountered. Yet, he attempted to avoid confessing his sins by blaming Lord Henry, Basil, and the painting. He realized that if he continued to put the blame on someone other than himself, he would not have to confess a sin that was not his fault. However, his plan backfired and ultimately showed that one must simply admit their faults and ask for forgiveness. The God, that Dorian speaks of, who commands one to confess their sin to Heaven as well as to Earth does not exist. The only thing a most just God asks of his children is to acknowledge their sins, confess their sins, and in turn He will “forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1: 9).

DG: Pg. 215-END

“‘Art has no influence upon action. It annihilates the desire to act’” (224).

Most, if not all of Lord Henry’s theories have been known to be true in the cynical sense. However, this quotation proves to be his most erroneous claim yet. Art has been of great importance to Lord Henry and Dorian; it is evident that aestheticism is something they care deeply about. The portrait, a form of art, is a contradiction to this statement. Upon viewing his self portrait for the first time, Dorian immediately made a bargain: “’If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that – for that – I would give anything! … I would give my soul for that!’” (28). As seen here, the portrait definitely did not annihilate Dorian’s desire to make that dreadful bargain. In the end, we see just how much of a negative influence art has on their lives contrary to Lord Henry’s unsubstantial beliefs.

“A cry of pain and indignation broke from him. He could see no change, save that in the eyes there was a look of cunning, and in the mouth the curved wrinkle of the hypocrite” (227).

This quotation ultimately sums up the many disputes that we had in class over the topic of change within a person. Half of the class believed that people can change while the other half argued that you are simply what you are. The quotation above definitely supports the claim that one cannot necessarily change. Despite Dorian’s promise to change, his conscious remained unchanged demonstrating his inability to change who he is. Though one can never change, this does not mean one can simply continue being a bad person. They should try and change but simultaneously accept the fact that deep inside, they will remain the same person.

DG: Pg. 189-214

"though forgiveness was impossible, forgetfulness was possible still, and he was determined to forget" (189).

It is frustrating to witness Dorian self-destruct as he continues to carry the overwhelming burden of guilt on his shoulders. Above, it is evident that Dorian misunderstands the concept of forgiveness. God has always taught us to forgive and forget, therefore our confessions to God will be forgiven and forgotten as well. There is no timeline on when one can seek redemption and Dimmesdale is a prominent example of one who found salvation after seven years. When Basil told Dorian to pray, he believed that it was too late and he continues to proclaim that it is too late. His method of solely forgetting is obviously not working as he struggles internally with the guilt of his sins.

"'From a label there is no escape" (199).

This is probably one of the few ideas expressed by Lord Henry that makes perfect sense and can also be defended. Not only is this true but this statement can be seen as possible foreshadowing to Dorian's ill-fated end. In the previous chapter, Dorian was confronted by Sibyl Vane's brother but was able to weasel his way out of dying by showing his youth. After 18 years of searching for him, James Vane was able to locate him by overhearing someone call him by the name he'd been known by: Prince Charming. Ultimately, that was his label and even after 18 years he could not escape that title. He might of been able to avoid his death at that moment but there is no escaping it: "the consciousness of being hunted, snared, tracked down, had begun to dominate him" (205). Even he realizes that there is a major possibility that he has not seen the last of James Vane. Considering the use of the word 'dominate', it is also a clue that this is something that will not go away.

DG: Pg. 179-188

“Those finely shaped fingers could never have clutched a knife for sin, nor those smiting lips have cried out God and goodness” (179).

This recurring theme regarding physical appearance has been demonstrated throughout the book. We, the readers have shunned those who believe beautiful people are incapable of committing horrific acts. This concept is clearly erroneous; a prime example is Dorian Gray. On the contrary, looking at it from a different standpoint, one can see how this quotation is actually valid. Going back to the previous chapters, we read that Dorian was ultimately being influenced by the portrait: “Dorian Gray glanced at the picture, and suddenly an uncontrollable feeling of hatred for Basil Hallward came over him, as though it had been suggested by the image on the canvas, whispered into his ears by those grinning lips” (162). Immediately after that, Dorian stabbed and murdered Basil. Remaining consistent with the context, it seems as though Dorian’s portrait killed Basil – not Dorian.

“’Yes’, he answered. Then he bit his lip. ‘No I don’t mean that. I didn’t go to the club. I walked about. I forgot what I did … How inquisitive you are, Harry!’” (186).

This quotation is extremely humorous. It exemplifies Dorian’s incapability when it comes to keeping a secret. Fort the last few chapters, Dorian has declared himself apart from the real world by evading his emotions and choosing to deal with situations when necessary. However, this quotation proves that Dorian cannot dodge the things life has to offer. He thought he could escape his sin and emotions but her later found that he could not: “the sense of terror he thought he had strangled had come back to him” (187). Therefore, if Dorian is unable to defeat his unwanted emotions, his decision to trade his soul for everlasting beauty was pointless.

DG: Pg. 166-178

“He was determined that he would not think about what had happened until it became absolutely necessary that he should do so” (167).
It is mind boggling as to how insensitive Dorian has been since he’s murdered Basil. The man he once referred to as his true friend was suddenly being degraded to a worthless item: “[Dorian] could not help seeing the dead thing. How still it was!” (164). This ‘thing’ & ‘it’ he refers to is his reference to Basil. This concept/idea Dorian has developed that makes him try & avoid dealing with emotions has gone too far. It has turned him into a monster. It is unknown whether Dorian will ever deal with this situation, because now is definitely the time to think about it.

“[Alan Campbell] was an excellent musician … it was music that had first brought him and Dorian Gray together” (170).
A recurring theme has become evident throughout the book subtly and lucidly as well. Art has definitely proven to be the major basis of this text, especially for the main character, Dorian Gray. Another pattern that has begun to unravel is the type of people Dorian associates himself with. Dorian loves art so much that he finds himself acquainted with different artists. His first known intimate relationship was with Basil Hallward, the painter. His first intimate relationship aka girlfriend was the actress, Sibyl Vane. Lastly, his close friendship with Alan Campbell, who is a musician, was revealed. It seems as though Dorian connects better with these artists however it is ironic that the few people he can actually connect with don’t even last in a friendship with Dorian. All these artists have been eradicated out of Dorian’s life one way or another, yet Lord Henry is still around.

DG: Pg. 151-165

“‘Dorian, with your pure, bright, innocent face, and your marvelous, untroubled youth – I can’t believe anything against you’” (154).

It is not surprising that Basil refuses to believe anything wrongly said about Dorian. It has been made clear countless times that Basil is very much in love with Dorian. However, his reasons behind why he doesn’t believe these things are surprising. The only reasons he listed why were solely about his physical appearance. One’s physical appearance seems to tell a person a lot about them, according to this text. Out of all these simple-minded people, you would think Basil would not yield to this idea, however he has. It is very disappointing and it was ultimately foreshadowing his imminent loss.

“‘You [Basil] are the one man in the world who is entitled to know everything about me. You have had more to do with my life than you think’” (159).

Dorian is correct in his first statement, Basil has EVERY right to know the answers to the many questions he has asked him. However, he is somewhat incorrect in his second statement. Basil has had a little bit of involvement in Dorian’s life but it is Lord Henry who has had the most to do with how Dorian has turned out. All Basil did was paint his portrait; it was Lord Henry who forced him to believe that beauty is the only thing he must hold onto. Because he has yielded to Lord Henry, he fails to see that it is not necessarily Basil’s fault for the way things turned out. It is unclear whether Dorian will ever learn that or not.

DG: Pg. 130-150

"He would think of the ruin he had brought upon his soul, with a pity that was all the more poignant because it was purely selfish. But moments such as these were rare" (131).

He always seems to have revelations or epiphanies, this being one of them, but they're immediately shot down by the influence of Lord Henry. Earlier, when Sibyl died he claimed that he had killed her in a figurative sense. Then later one, he claims that he did not kill her. It is sad and we will ultimately see the ruin of Dorian all thanks to Lord Henry.

"to him [Dorian] Life itself was the first, the greatest, of the arts, and for it all the other arts seemed to be but a preparation" (132).

This is a great point that is very much valid. However, the only problem is that it is a belief of Dorian's. It is no longer valid, because he contradicts himself. Here, he is expressing the significance of life by comparing it to art and it is evident that life is of great importance to him since art is. Yet, he is not even living! Life is actually real, not based on art and is full of emotions. It is obvious that Dorian has refuted all the components that make life what it is, therefore he cannot really appreciate life. Dorian Gray is simply existing.

DG: Pg. 111-129

"'If you wish me never to look at your picture again, I am content. I have always you to look at ... Your friendship is dearer to me'" (117).

Basil's statement is reminiscent of Sibyl's proclamation to Dorian. Both Basil and Sibyl made the separation between art and reality that Dorian fails to see. In contrast to Dorian, Basil has made clear just how insignificant art is to him, just as Sibyl did. In both cases, Dorian means a lot more than art, however it is evident that Dorian does not agree with this. We saw how crude he reacted after Sibyl's confession, so his reaction to Basil's statement was expected. After Basil confessed his reasons for concealing the picture, Dorian proclaimed that "it was a very disappointing confession" (119). I am confident that as long as Basil keeps making the distinction between art and reality, eventually Dorian will realize how much more important realism is.

"The love that he bore him [Basil] - had nothing in it that was not noble and intellectual. It was not that mere physical admiration of beauty that is born of the senses" (122).

Despite Dorian's many claims stating that Lord Henry is a better friend, it is evident here that he has actually made a deeper connection with Basil. Now he is starting to realize the importance of his and Basil's relationship over his and Lord Henry's. Dorian's friendship to Lord Henry is simply based on his admiration for Lord Henry's boldness and outstanding theories. Here, for the first time, Dorian is appreciating something internal rather than externally like he did for Sibyl and continues to do for Lord Henry.

DG: Pg. 85-110

"'I loved you because you were marvelous, because you had genius and intellect, because you realized the dreams of great poets and gave shape and substance to the shadows of art'" (91).

I knew it! It was obvious that Dorian was not in love with Sibyl for the right reasons. Whenever he highly of her in admiration, he would speak about her on stage. Not once did he mention how she was in reality. On the other hand, Sibyl was madly in love with Dorian. When Sibyl failed to act up to par that night, Dorian failed to see why he loved her beyond her acting, ultimately dismissing her. This is another demonstration of Dorian's superficiality and his obsession with appearance. Previously he stated that he would give his soul just to remain handsome for the rest of his life and hear Dorian lashes out at Sibyl, because her compelling appearance on stage has vanished.

"'She [Sibyl] explained it all to me ... I thought her shallow'" (103).

It is unfortunate that Sibyl took her life because of this man, however a tragedy was imminent considering their situation. This statement seems absurd, because if anything Dorian was the one being shallow, he broke up with Sibyl, because she failed to be as artistic as she had always been. However, one must look at this from the point of view of Dorian. It has become evident that art is of great significance to Dorian (Basil's portrait, Sibyl's performances), therefore he rids himself free of reality and ultimately lives in an artistic world. As a result, Sibyl's horrible performance devastated him and that is the reason for his crude reaction.

DG: Pg. 65-84

"There was jealousy in [James]'s heart, and a fierce, murderous hatred of the stranger who, as it seemed to him , had come between them" (74).

At first, Jim's over-protective nature over his sister seemed natural. It is natural for a brother to feel bothered by their sister being in love with someone. However, Jim takes this feeling of annoyance to another level. He is more than just upset, he is jealous, angry, and has an urge to kill Dorian. This is worrying and his reaction to her new found love is uncomprehending. It makes one wonder if there are under lying feelings that Jim may have for his sister.

"'You should have seen her ... She wore a moss-colored velvet jerkin with cinnamon sleeves ... She has never seemed so exquisite'" (80).

This is just a small segment of what Dorian thought of Sibyl. He continued to go on a tangent of all her wonderful qualities on stage. It seems as though Dorian has actually fell in love with the characters Sibyl portrays. The only time Dorian speaks of her excessively and with infatuation is when he is speaking of her acting on stage. Another thing to pay attention to is how much and how thoroughly Dorian describes the quality of Sibyl's clothes. Appearance is of great significance to Dorian, as well as wealth. However, it was made clear that Sibyl is not wealthy whatsoever. Therefore, their potential marriage may already be at risk.

DG: Pg. 47-64

"'Faithfulness is to the emotional life what consistency is to the life of the intellect - simply a confession of failure'" (53).

Here is another one of Lord Henry's philosophical and enlightening concepts. Despite his obscure way of thinking, it is apparent as to why he is so appealing and influential to Dorian. At first this correlation Lord Henry made did not make sense but it is actually true. In our society today, we observe the increasing divorce and school drop-out rates. Therefore, his idea was not only true back then but it is also still true today. He is very smart and his unique way of thinking will definitely be a deciding factor in regards to Dorian Gray's fate.

"Certainly few people had ever interested him so much as Dorian Gray, and yet the lad's mad adoration of someone else caused him not the slightest pang of annoyance or jealousy. He was pleased by it. It made him a more interesting study" (61).

Initially, it seemed as if Lord Henry was jealous of Dorian's new found love. When Lord Henry found out where Dorian was spending his evenings, he immediately stated, 'that is the reason, I suppose, that you never dine with me now' (58). This statement implied that he was a bit jealous of the fact that Dorian would rather spend time fantasizing over an actress than spend time dining with him. However, this implication was refuted and Lord Henry's further interest in Dorian is clear. Dorian stated that if it hadn't been for Lord Henry, he would have never met the actress, Sibyl Vane. Thus, it is natural as to why Lord Henry's interest for Dorian has increased. Dorian is equivalent to a sponge and Lord Henry is the water that Dorian continues to absorb and hold. Lord Henry is fascinated by it, because he has never met someone so easy to influence. Like I said before, Lord Henry will continue to be that voice in Dorian's head, ultimately deciding his fate.

DG: Pg. 34-47

"He [Lord Henry] would seek to dominate [Dorian] - had already indeed, half done so" (40).

This comes as no surprise, this statement was already demonstrated upon Lord Henry and Dorian's initial meeting. It is obvious why Lord Henry takes an exceptional interest to Dorian Gray. Contrary to the strong-willed Basil, Dorian is much more naive and is more susceptible to being influenced by Lord Henry's ideas. Therefore, this is the reason why Lord Henry finds Dorian so appealing. It is almost reminiscent of the relationship between Tom and Myrtle in The Great Gatsby; Just as Tom felt the need of Myrtle to tickle his vanity, Lord Henry feels the same way.

DG: Pg. 3-33

"'The value of an idea has nothing whatsoever to do with the sincerity of the man who expresses it ... the more insincere the man is, the more purely intellectual will the idea be, as in that case it will not be colored by either his wants, his desires, or his prejudices'" (11).

Throughout Lord Henry and Basil's conversation, it is evident just how much they view the world differently, resulting in a clash of ideas. As a matter of fact, Lord Henry's ideas seem to contradict not only with Basil's but what most of society would normally believe. However, who's to say he's wrong? Above, he makes a bold statement that initially sounded ridiculous. After reading it again, the statement made sense. We live in a society where people are constantly being persuaded to express more emotion. Here, Lord Henry refutes that claiming that a person's statement becomes invalid once emotions are integrated. Sincerity is a form of emotion and it has an unnecessary purpose. This idea correlates to the bible passage, "let your yes mean yes, and your no mean no" (Mt. 5: 24). There is no need to bring in any factors, such as emotions. One should just say what they mean and mean what they say.

DG: Preface

It is evident that art is of great significance to this author and will be mentioned throughout the novel in some shape or form. Wilde speaks of the art behind art, if you will. He speaks very highly of artists, stating that they are the "creator of beautiful things" (Wilde 1). I get the impression that Wilde is not fond of an artist's audience or spectator. He refers to these spectators as 'critics'. One would assume that a 'critic' would appreciate genuine art just as an artist does, but Wilde brings up the possibility of one being corrupt if they find "ugly meanings in beautiful things" (1). The conclusions Wilde has drawn are extremely bias. He speaks very highly of art and even commences this preface with the statement that ALL art is beautiful. Along with that, he claims that one who fails to see the beautiful meaning in the beauty of art is corrupt. However, this is not accurate. The word beautiful is a subjective term but Wilde uses it from an objective standpoint, thus being the reason for his insubstantial statements.

Scarlet Letter Pg. 185-211

"Pearl put up her mouth, and kissed the scarlet letter too!" (190).

Although Pearl does not know what the scarlet letter represents, her kiss to the letter demonstrates her attraction to evil. The scarlet letter is ultimately an embodiment of sin and evil and here Pearl is kissing it. It is scary that Pearl has become accustom to the letter to the point where she throws a fit when her mother takes it off: "[she] suddenly burst into a fit of passion, gesticulating violently and throwing her small figure into the most extravagant contortions. She accompanied this wild outbreak with piercing shrieks" (189). Most kids have temper tantrums because they want candy but Pearl is crying out because her mother removes the dreadful letter. Pearl's reaction shows that this letter, unfortunately, defines her as a person.

"He seemed to stand apart, and eye this former self with scornful, pitying, but half-envious curiosity. That self was gone. Another man had returned out of the forest: a wiser one, with a knowledge of hidden mysteries" (200).

Apparently, Dimmesdale ha smade a transformation and i think Hester has everything to do with it. Throughout the time he spent with CHillingworth, Dimmesdale seemed to be more miserable than ever the more time he spent with Chillingworth. Since Hester told him of Chillingworth's plan, Dimmesdale has become alert and wiser and now knows what to expect from his worst enemy. I think this will improve his attitude a lot more in the future.

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 158-185

"She took her mother's hand in both her own, and gazed into her eyes with an earnestness that was seldom seen in her wild and capricious character. The thought occurred to Hester that the child might really be seeking to approach her with childlike confidence" (162).

As the novel continues, more of Pearl's diabolical traits are shown. She is also a smart girl for her age as she has observed the actions of Dimmesdale and connected it to her mother's scarlet letter. It is reminiscent of Chillingworth and his quest to discover Dimmesdale's secret, it seems as though Pearl would like to expose him. Above, Pearl's manipulative skills are demonstrated. She purposely puts her hand in her mothers and looks into her mother's eyes in a way that she has never done before. The color of Pearl's eyes are commented on often and they are not a pleasant color, therefore her efforts to appeal to her mother is her way to gain information. She is almost successful, because right after Hester simply thinks Pearl is just being a curious child who wouldn't say anything. However, it is more likely that Pearl is simply out to get Dimmesdale and Hester later realized that because she did not tell Pearl.

"'Truth was the one virtue which I might have held fast, and did hold fast, through all extremity; save when thy good, - thy life, - thy fame, - were put in question! Then I consented to deception'" (175).

Though Hester blatantly professed that she was still in love with Dimmesdale, it was apparent long before. The theme of Hester's honesty is prevalent throughout the book except for when it comes to Dimmesdale. The only lie she is held accountable for is protecting Dimmesdale by keeping his name a secret. Other than that, she has been pretty honest more specifically with her sins. Another lie that we have recently come across is the lie that Hester told her daughter. Again, the lie was told to protect Dimmesdale. After Pearl's insistent questions regarding the scarlet letter, Hester was forced to answer her daughter untruthfully for the sake of Dimmesdale. It is obvious that she is in love with Dimmesdale, she has made clear above that honesty is a virtue and something that she vales yet she is willing to throw it out the window when it comes to Dimmesdale. However, I believe she is coming to terms with her dishonesty and realizes that honesty is always the best policy.

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 144-158

"there seemed to be no longer anything in Hester's face for Love to dwell upon; nothing in Hester's form, though majestic and statue-like, that Passion would ever dream of clasping in its embrace; nothing in Hester's bosom, to make it ever again the pillow of Affection" (148).

This is the root of all Hester's problems. Her beauty is thoroughly described throughout the novel, this being one of them, and it is the reason that she had an affair with Dimmesdale. It is obvious that these words capitalized mean more than just emotions, they are emphasized to demonstrate their representation for something greater aka Dimmesdale. As mentioned before and here as well, Hester is very beautiful. As to her unpleasant photo on the front of the book, this is probably because her hair is tied up and hidden under a hat. She is described as having "rich and luxariant hair" that no longer "gushed into the sunshine" (148). I believe Hester has also realized that her beauty is partially responsible for her sin. This is another way that she punishes herself on top of the ridicule she recieves everyday. She is making an effort to conceal all the things that brought her into a life of shame.

"The child's own nature had something wrong in it ... and often impelled Hester to ask, in bitterness of heart, whether it were for ill or good that the poor little creature had been born at all" (150).

The chances of Pearl's birth being for anything good are slim to none. In the beginning, we made the parallel between Hester Prynn and The Virgin Mary. What separates the two is the way they're children were conceived. Mary was known for her sacred and holy birth of Jesus while Hester's birth of Pearl was more scandalous and done out of sin. The outcome of Jesus' birth was to save the world, therefore one must ask - Is Pearl's birth a warning for her destruction of the world? It almost seems ridiculous or unlikely but Pearl has already acted in some ways that point to her diabolical character: "Pearl mumbled something into [Dimmesdale's] ear, taht sounded, indeed like human language, but was only gibberish ... it was in a tongue unknown to the erdite clergyman" (142). People possessed by the devil are known to speak in tongue, I'm not jumping to conclusions here but I do believe this is foreshadowing to events that may come. Pearl may not have been born to destroy the world but maybe to carry out the work of Chillingworth and see to it that DImmesdale will receive much more punishment than he already has.

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 126-144

"In their eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified" (130).

This goes to show just how important and venerable Dimmesdale is to his fellow towns people. He is literally looked up to as some type of God and it is evident as to why Dimmesdale won't step up and confess. Contrary to Hester, the people have set high expectations for Dimmesdale, thus he would be a greater disappointment: "the agony with which this public veneration totured him!" (130). Hester is a beautiful woman who is often mistaken for a seductress, therefore people expect an act like that from her rather than the honorable clergyman. While it may seem like Hester's punishment is torturous, Dimmesdale's punishment is far worse. He is ultimately punishing himself, because of his cowardice. This is the only thing difference between his and Hester's punishment.

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 107-126

"His form grew emaciated; his voice, though still rich and sweet, had a certain melancholy prophecy of decay in it; he was often observed...to put his hand over his heart, with first a flush and then a paleness, indicative of pain" (110).

This is one of the many signs demonstrating the abnormal changes Dimmesdale is experiencing. Using what we know so far, we can infer that Dimmesdale is feeling guilty about remaining silent. His selfishness is eating his alive. Initially, it was tearing him apart internally where noone can see it but now it has hit him so hard that people can physically see that something is wrong. Some of the questions people ask in reaction to Dimmesdale's behavior include: "Was he weary of his labors? Did he wish to die?" (111). These questions are inaccurate to some extent but it may be possible that Dimmesdale wants to die because he does speak of death casually.

"Alas! To judge from the gloom and terror in the depths of the poor minister's eyes, the battle was a sore one, and the victory anything but secure" (117).

As Dimmesdale's emotions continue to surface, he sparks some type of interest within Chillingworth. At the time, Chillingworth did not know exactly what he was looking for but it was evident that Dimmesdale was hiding something and he was determined to decipher what it was. They begin spending more time together and even move in together to get more in touch with each other's personal life. Ultimately, Chillingworth's 'reading' abilities are being put to the test. Here he reads the terror and gloom in Dimmesdale's eyes. So far, he is successful and will continue to be.

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 72-90

"The chain that bound her here was of iron links, and galling to her inmost soul, but could never be broken" (74).

Again, this is reminiscent of The Crucible. In Salem, they had a ritual where sins could not be washed away and here is the same kind of idea. It has been made clear here and many other times that Hester will be forever bound to the sin she committed. It is even compared to the chains that constrained her while in prison. In a figurative sense, she is still tied down but not physically - her soul feels restrained. Fully aware that her sin will never be forgiven, it is unclear as to why Hester gives to the poor. She obviously recieves no recognition for it and the poor people don't even appreciate her kindness. I believe this is potentially her way of receiving absolution from God himself, after all he sees everything.

"Her own dress was of the coarsest materials and the most sombre hue; with only that one ornament - the scarlet letter" (77).
In the beginning of the novel, the townspeople sat there and criticized Hester for her overly decorative letter on her chest. They ignorantly believed that she was simply proud to wear the scarlet letter on her bosom. However, we see here that was not the case at all. Her dress is described as coarse and horrible, the least she can do to make herself a little more presentable is by making the letter beautiful. She deserves that much. It is unfortunate though that the one thing that is actually beautiful and stands out is that letter. Therefore, that is all she is known for and will ever be known for: "over her grave, the infamy that she must carry thither would be her only monument" (73).

Scarlet Letter; Pg. 56-72

"the stranger had bent his eyes on Hester Prynne. It was carelessly at first, like a man chiefly accustomed to look inward, and to whom external matters are of little value and import, unless they bear relation to something within his mind" (57).

It is pretty obvious that this 'stranger' is Hester's baby daddy. He is purposely referred to as a stranger because noone in town knows who Hester's baby daddy is, except Hester. Apparently, Hester is acquainted with this stranger and this quote has made clear that their bond is tied internally. This makes perfect sense since they must continue to conceal his identity. As for his initial glance at Hester as if he did not know her, he is simply playing the part. He would raise suspicion among the townspeople because he was unknown to everyone else so if he acknowledged her anymore than he did, people would probably suspect that he was her child's father.

"'Wondrous strength and generosity of a woman's heart! She [Hester] will not speak!'" (64).

At first, it was unclear as to why Hester was concealing the name of her baby daddy. She is facing humiliating punishment and her strength is shown through her fortitude. She is able to endure these conditions all by herself despite the fact that someone else was involved in her sin-doing. She is also generous, because she chooses not to give the person's name ultimately saving them from punishment. Her ability to do this shows that she has much character. I think her strength and generosity comes from her belief that she can only speak on her sins, similar to John Proctor. They even offer to eradicate the scarlet letter from her bosom but she refuses, because she knows that she is not free from sin. She understands what she has done is wrong which is why she is willing to bear the consequences alone.

Scarlet Letter Ch. 1-2

"'They should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne's forehead'" (49).
It has been made clear just how much these people obsess over other people's lives, specifically their faults. The townspeople gathered around the prison anticipating the release of Hester Prynn. This comment indirectly speaks for the majority of the townspeople: they strongly believe that one's shameful acts should be made known to everybody. It is very similar to the ritual of the townspeople in 'The Crucible'. Here, a woman suggests that a permanent mark on Hester's forehead is better than a letter embroidered on her shirt that can be hidden. However, her suggestion proves to be unnecessary as the birth of her baby stands as proof to her shameful acts. Therefore, this woman's comment simply demonstrates her lack of compassion.

"Those who had before known her ... were astonished, and even startled to perceive how her (Prynn's) beauty shone out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignoming in which she was enveloped" (51).
Through Hawthorne's detailed and thorough descriptions, we see that these townspeople value appearance, particularly women. Hawthorne goes on describing ideal women in that town, therefore women's appearance obviously play some kind of role in this setting. This description above also shows that she was not that attractive as she was before prison. Here, she is described as extremely beautiful compared to how they remembered her from before. Then again, maybe they're eyes are playing tricks on them - she is walking out of an ugly and deplorable prison that probably makes her look more beautiful than she actually is.

Crucible Essay

Abigail Williams: The Evil Genius

In most stories, a villain is incorporated to provide conflict, usually for the hero. There are essentially two types of villains that utilize different methods to achieve what they desire. The first type of villain is the simple-minded scoundrel who is pure evil. They are usually not very powerful and are easily defeated. In contrast, the other villain, otherwise known as an evil genius, is much more intelligent and clever. This villain uses their wit to con those around them and is typically successful in their endeavors. In the play, The Crucible, an evil genius is efficiently depicted throughout the novel. Abigail Williams is a manipulative young lady, driven by jealousy, who wreaks havoc throughout the town of Salem. After being rejected by her love interest, John Proctor, Abigail seeks revenge. Able to reach a position of power while also maintaining a good image, Abigail manipulates her way into being the most powerful, yet terrifying girl in town. Abigail Williams proves to be the most detestable character for her ability to appear innocent and harmless while ultimately destroying the lives of the people around her.

Upon the commencement of the play, Abigail adamantly denies calling spirits in the forest to avoid the wrath of her uncle. She successfully convinces him, however, it is later revealed that Abigail “drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife” (Miller 19). Fueled by jealousy, Abigail seeks to satiate her feelings of envy by eliminating Elizabeth Proctor or anyone in her way. With the assistance of the girls in the village, Abigail drank chicken blood and danced for the Devil to replace Elizabeth as John Proctor’s wife. Abigail does not stop there; to further ensure that the girls will remain quiet, she threatens them: “Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about other things, and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you … and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!” (20). As a result of the girls’ fearfulness, Abigail is able to preserve her good image. Abigail efficiently exercises her power over the girls and in time, she achieves much more than she bargained for. Surprisingly, Abigail transitions from having power over her girlfriends to having power over the whole village and its residents.

Abigail’s good image begins to tarnish as people in the village began to suspect that she sold herself to the Devil. In response, Abigail exclaims “I never sold myself! I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl!” (43). Abigail attempts to play the innocent card, but when she fails, she opts to place the blame on Tituba. Considering the fact that Tituba was an inferior black servant, convincing the court that Tituba forced her to drink blood and call on the Devil would be fairly easy for the manipulative Abigail. Again, Abigail fails; her plan to sabotage Tituba backfires as Tituba is dubbed “God’s instrument … to discover the Devil’s agents” (46). Realizing the only way to save herself is by confessing, Abigail immediately switches up her story. She manages to avoid the wrath of the court when she “rises as though inspired, and cries out … I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him; I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand” (48). Because of the court’s obsession with being infallible, Abigail goes on unscathed despite her confession. She successfully manipulates her way into the trust of the court and uses that opportunity to decide the fates of the villagers. Along with Tituba, Abigail and her girlfriends are dubbed ‘God’s instrument’ to discover the Devil’s allies. A mere accusation from Abigail is enough to have someone convicted for witchcraft. In the snap of a finger, Abigail goes from being a potential witch to the most powerful girl of the town. Despite her heinous actions, Abigail continues to maintain a good image in the eyes of the court making her the most detestable character in the play.

Abigail is given the power to send even the most well-respected inhabitants to jail. Because of her manipulative ways, the court is blinded by her innocent appearance. Even when the court attempts to further investigate her claims, she finds a way to evade their imposing questions: “I have been hurt … I have been near to murdered everyday because I done my duty pointing out the Devil’s people – and this is my reward? To be mistrusted, denied, questioned” (108). Abigail’s statement causes the court to pity her instead of finding the answers to all their necessary questions. Therefore, the court continues to falsely believe that Abigail is simply a harmless young girl chosen to aid them in their mission. As the court continues to listen to Abigail, the more innocent lives are taken. Though Abigail is the most evil character, it is extremely frustrating that she is the one person able to avoid being condemned.

As an evil genius, Abigail Williams satiated her feelings of envy and also became the most powerful girl in town. It is unbelievable that a person filled with such evil and inhumane qualities can be looked to as holy. When people began to question her innocence, Abigail managed to regain the court’s trust instantly. She easily turned the spotlight from being on her to someone else just by pretending to feel cursed. Because of her ability to avoid condemnation, Abigail Williams is the ultimate con artist and the most detestable character.