Essential #4

Create an intertextual analysis of "Beowulf" and William Henley's "Invictus".

In his writing, Henley has established himself as a strong man determined to overcome all adversities. These characteristics are predominately present in the epic poem Beowulf. While many characters in Beowulf face overwhelming obstacles, Beowulf has definitely emerged from “out of the night that covers [him]” (‘Invictus’ Henley). He has proven countless times that he does not give up, no matter how difficult the challenge (i.e – his battle with the sea serpents during a race with Breca). Henley exerts a sense of confidence in his achievements in terms of overcoming all barriers, similar to the confidence seen in Beowulf: “[Beowulf] rejoiced in his night’s work, his glorious achievement … [he] made good his boast to the East-Danes” (816-818). Despite their complete belief in their own capabilities, Henley and Beowulf also realize that they cannot achieve greatness on their own. In the midst of his ‘boasting’, if you will, Henley acknowledges the source of all his strength: “I thank whatever Gods may be/For my unconquerable soul” (‘Invictus’ Henley). His thanks and praise to the man above is identical to Beowulf’s thanks and praise upon his battle with Grendel. He recognized that if it weren’t for the Lord, he would not have defeated Grendel. However, what separates Beowulf and Henley is Beowulf’s shift from a Christ-like figure to a conquerable soul that gave into temptation. In the end, despite Beowulf’s mistakes, he is a definite representation of Henley’s belief: “I am the master of my fate/I am the captain of my soul” (‘Invictus’ Henley). Not only has Beowulf fulfilled his fate as a warrior but he has also taken control of his fate.