"'If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield,' said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, 'and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for'" (Austen 5).
"A person may be proud without being vain" (14).
At the commencement of the novel, we see the obsessive nature of Mrs. Bennet. She excessively speaks of her daughters being married to wealthy men. The idea of seeing her daughters happily married to an affluent gentleman evokes a sense of happiness within her. Contrary to Mr. Bennet, this is the only thing that concerns Mrs. Bennet, thus it being the sole source of her happiness. Mr. Bingley is introduced and becomes the romantic interest of Jane, hence making Mrs. Bennet jubilant. Also introduced is Mr. Darcy who is wealthy but is not particularly favored by many, including Mrs. Bennet. Mr. Darcy is depicted as haughty as he condescends the women he meet at the assembly. Many accept the fact that Mr. Darcy should be proud of his established wealth, however they disagree with his vanity.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
The Tao - significance&addition
The aspect of the Tao that is the most significant is ‘The Law of General Beneficence’, including both negative and positive guidelines. These statements are the ideal teachings to live by. In the negative section, the Tao references back to Ancient time periods to emphasize what one should never do. The Tao suggests that we should never murder or even hurt another person whether it is physically or emotionally. The Law of General Beneficence also incorporates a positive way to practice benevolence. Babylonians said, “speak kindness … show goodwill”. This is a perfectly clear example of what is expected of every human being. The Tao also says we should love our friends and our enemies as much as we do ourselves. In conclusion, the Golden Rule is inserted which is derived from Christianity: “Treat others the way you want to be treated. These guidelines are most important, because we can strive towards moral perfection and ultimately all the other values listed will just come naturally to us.
One notion that should be added to the Tao is the concept of Duties to Women. The Tao makes it a point to pay homage to our elders and respect our children, however duties to women is just as significant, if not more. Women create men; women have the gift to create these ‘elders’ and the future generations. Women bear the agonizing process of giving birth to give new life, thus these elders and children should be extremely grateful for the gift of life. Included in paying homage to women is respecting them and not taking advantage of them. Men tend to view women as weak and they use that to degrade women. Women need to be acknowledged more by the opposite sex and their kids (sometimes).
One notion that should be added to the Tao is the concept of Duties to Women. The Tao makes it a point to pay homage to our elders and respect our children, however duties to women is just as significant, if not more. Women create men; women have the gift to create these ‘elders’ and the future generations. Women bear the agonizing process of giving birth to give new life, thus these elders and children should be extremely grateful for the gift of life. Included in paying homage to women is respecting them and not taking advantage of them. Men tend to view women as weak and they use that to degrade women. Women need to be acknowledged more by the opposite sex and their kids (sometimes).
Monday, October 19, 2009
Abolition of Man - CH. 3
“Man’s final conquest has proved to be the abolition of man” (64).
“Man’s conquest of Nature turns out, in the moment of its consummation, to be Nature’s conquest of Man” (68).
To commence his argument, Lewis introduces the commonly-used expression, ‘Man’s conquest of Nature’ and exemplifies how Man cannot conquer Nature. Lewis anticipates a possible counter argument that may falsely believe they hold a high power over Nature. An aeroplane, wireless, or contraceptives are all examples of things humanity has purchased and utilized leading them to believe they’ve established their own individual power over Nature. On the contrary, because these things can be withheld from some Men, “Man’s power over Nature turns out to be a power exercised by some men over other men with Nature as its instrument” (55). As time is examined, the later generations become weaker as a subject to the decisions of their predecessors. In the end, we realize the only way to conquer Nature is for man to conquer himself first, otherwise known as eradicating himself. After Man’s attempts to conquer Nature, Nature has demolished their existence. Men destroy themselves as Nature reduces them to an object. While Men try to control Nature, Nature continues to manipulate their actions and we ultimately lose the essence and the ability to see Nature for what it truly is. In the end, we actually lose a lot more than we originally set out to gain.
“Man’s conquest of Nature turns out, in the moment of its consummation, to be Nature’s conquest of Man” (68).
To commence his argument, Lewis introduces the commonly-used expression, ‘Man’s conquest of Nature’ and exemplifies how Man cannot conquer Nature. Lewis anticipates a possible counter argument that may falsely believe they hold a high power over Nature. An aeroplane, wireless, or contraceptives are all examples of things humanity has purchased and utilized leading them to believe they’ve established their own individual power over Nature. On the contrary, because these things can be withheld from some Men, “Man’s power over Nature turns out to be a power exercised by some men over other men with Nature as its instrument” (55). As time is examined, the later generations become weaker as a subject to the decisions of their predecessors. In the end, we realize the only way to conquer Nature is for man to conquer himself first, otherwise known as eradicating himself. After Man’s attempts to conquer Nature, Nature has demolished their existence. Men destroy themselves as Nature reduces them to an object. While Men try to control Nature, Nature continues to manipulate their actions and we ultimately lose the essence and the ability to see Nature for what it truly is. In the end, we actually lose a lot more than we originally set out to gain.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Abolition of Man - The Way
“[The Innovator] is likely to give up the quest for a ‘rational’ core and to hunt for some other grounds even more ‘basic’ and ‘realistic’” (32).
“The preservation of society, and of the species itself, are ends that do not hang on the precarious thread of Reason; they are given by instinct” (33).
Lewis introduces something known as the “Innovator”, one who attempts to create a new set of values. From the perspective of the Innovator, the idea that it is sweet and seemly to die for one’s country is evolved. The Innovator believes there is realism behind this idea and “it lies in the utility of such sacrifice to the community” (30). He brings reasoning in this idea and suggests that some of us must die to save other people’s lives. The counter question that arises is: “Why should I be one of those who take the risk?” (31). The answer is that one’s choice to either refuse or consent is neither rational or irrational. However, Lewis attacks this argument by saying preserving society has nothing to do with reason, but it actually has to do with our instincts. Martyrdom is something out of pure impulse, there is no logic or reasoning behind it. Lewis says, “We have an instinctive urge to preserve our own species … We have no instinctive urge to keep promises or to respect individual life” (33).
“The preservation of society, and of the species itself, are ends that do not hang on the precarious thread of Reason; they are given by instinct” (33).
Lewis introduces something known as the “Innovator”, one who attempts to create a new set of values. From the perspective of the Innovator, the idea that it is sweet and seemly to die for one’s country is evolved. The Innovator believes there is realism behind this idea and “it lies in the utility of such sacrifice to the community” (30). He brings reasoning in this idea and suggests that some of us must die to save other people’s lives. The counter question that arises is: “Why should I be one of those who take the risk?” (31). The answer is that one’s choice to either refuse or consent is neither rational or irrational. However, Lewis attacks this argument by saying preserving society has nothing to do with reason, but it actually has to do with our instincts. Martyrdom is something out of pure impulse, there is no logic or reasoning behind it. Lewis says, “We have an instinctive urge to preserve our own species … We have no instinctive urge to keep promises or to respect individual life” (33).
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Abolition of Man – Men without Chests; Two Important Quotes
“For every one pupil who needs to be guarded from a weak excess of sensibility there are three who need to be awakened from the slumber of cold vulgarity … The right defence against false sentiments is to inculcate just sentiments” (13-14).
“Aristotle says that the aim of education is to make the pupil like and dislike what he ought. When the age for reflective thought comes, the pupil, who has been thus trained in ‘ordinate affections’ or ‘just sentiments’, will easily find the first principles in Ethics” (16).
Throughout the first chapter, Lewis expresses his disagreement with the authors that believe values are based solely on emotions. He argues that there exists an objective standard; therefore people cannot go about on their feelings. In this first quote, Lewis explains that there is a copious amount of students who are receiving excessive information regarding sensibility. Lewis makes a point of it to show that there is much more to sensibility than just feelings. Along with feelings, thinking is also involved in sensibility. Lewis argues that if these authors are going to use sentiments, then they should be just ones. He is able to efficiently present his case with his diction. He intentionally uses the words “awakened” and “slumber” in correlation to emphasize how crucial it is to direct these pupils in a different direction other than what they’re taught. In the second quote, Lewis continues his argument by stating how a student is to be taught. They should be trained in ordinate affections and just sentiments. Lewis also establishes his character in this quote and appeals logically. His reference to the philosopher Aristotle not only shows his intelligence but also is the reasoning behind his argument.
“Aristotle says that the aim of education is to make the pupil like and dislike what he ought. When the age for reflective thought comes, the pupil, who has been thus trained in ‘ordinate affections’ or ‘just sentiments’, will easily find the first principles in Ethics” (16).
Throughout the first chapter, Lewis expresses his disagreement with the authors that believe values are based solely on emotions. He argues that there exists an objective standard; therefore people cannot go about on their feelings. In this first quote, Lewis explains that there is a copious amount of students who are receiving excessive information regarding sensibility. Lewis makes a point of it to show that there is much more to sensibility than just feelings. Along with feelings, thinking is also involved in sensibility. Lewis argues that if these authors are going to use sentiments, then they should be just ones. He is able to efficiently present his case with his diction. He intentionally uses the words “awakened” and “slumber” in correlation to emphasize how crucial it is to direct these pupils in a different direction other than what they’re taught. In the second quote, Lewis continues his argument by stating how a student is to be taught. They should be trained in ordinate affections and just sentiments. Lewis also establishes his character in this quote and appeals logically. His reference to the philosopher Aristotle not only shows his intelligence but also is the reasoning behind his argument.
Tuesday, October 13, 2009
LfBJ Essay
Ashley Ducrepin
AP English – Mr. George
10.14.09
“Letter from Birmingham Jail”
In response to a letter sent to him condemning him for civil disobedience, civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. formulated a well-articulated letter to present his disposition. Eight clergymen reproached King, also a pastor, for his deliberate defiance of the law. However, King refutes this claim and explains the reasons for his actions in his letter titled, Letter from Birmingham Jail. The letter earned that title, because King actually wrote the letter while he was incarcerated. Despite these horrible circumstances, King is still able to exhibit his skills in the English language and persuade these clergymen otherwise. His objective throughout the letter is to exemplify how flawed the justice system is and to present suggestions on how it can be improved. To efficiently persuade his audience, King realizes that he cannot rely solely on the knowledge he’s gained. Thus, King opts to engage and ultimately appeal to his audience with emotion, logic and with his character. He also captivates his audience with the inclusion of syntax and diction.
Considering the fact that Martin Luther King Jr. was an African American in the 1960s, little or nothing was expected of him by the dominant whites. In this letter, King ventured to establish himself as a respectable individual. He commences his argument by calling these men who’ve criticized him his “fellow brothers”. This allows the audience to identify King’s ability to accept anybody as a close companion of his. To continue this thought, rather than expressing his anger in the clergymen, King reiterates his feelings of disappointment in the men: “I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of the community would see the justice of our cause and … serve as the channel through which our grievances could get to the power structure … But again I have been disappointed” (749). His expression of disappointment emphasizes the forgiving demeanor of King and it appeals to his audience’s emotions. As the letter progresses, King’s intelligence is exhibited. King makes references to philosophical intellects, such as Socrates, Martin Buber, and St. Thomas Aquinas, which enhances his assertion. His insertion of quotes stated by these idols demonstrates his ability to be knowledgeable beyond what most would assume, despite his current circumstances. As King reveals more of his character, he subtly incorporates emotional appeal to intrigue his audience.
King’s emotional appeal seems effortless and he is able to evoke a sense of empathy within his audience through vivid and factual descriptions: “angry violent dogs literally biting six unarmed, non-violent Negroes … their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail … [they] push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls … [they] slap and kick old Negro men and young Negro boys” (751). The accurate depiction appeals to his audience emotionally, because it is filled with a compelling vocabulary. To establish camaraderie, King also intentionally uses words like “mother”, “father”, “brother”, and “sister”. His uses of these relationships allow him to bring his audience down to the same level as him: “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your brothers and sisters at whim … then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait” (742). Just as King has family he cares about; the clergymen have family they care about. With emotional appeal being a great contribution to his piece, King also uses logic to keep himself from getting carried away with his emotions. As an established intellect, King logically and efficiently states his reasons behind the letter. His philosophical references not only demonstrate his intelligence but also illustrates his ability to support his argument with reasoning: “Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths … we must see the need of having non-violent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depth of prejudice and racism” (741). King is able to appeal emotionally and logically through his intentional word choice.
King’s use of diction is rather compelling; not only does is captivate the audience emotionally but it also exemplifies his aggressive and impassioned personality. He uses emotional appeal on page 740 when he explains, “we were the victims of a broken promise … with blasted hopes, and the dark shadow of the deep disappointment settled upon us”. His use of the word victim allows the audience to share in that common feeling of being greatly disappointed. King also excels in his attempts to persuade his audience by using an assertive word choice: “[I hope] that he [Mr. Boutwell] will be reasonable enough to see the futility of massive resistance to desegregation” (741). He purposely chooses to use these aggressive descriptions to emphasize his disagreement with segregation. As aforementioned, King has established himself as an insightful individual. Therefore, King is able to use words like “do-nothing-ism” that still have the compelling effect of the words before or after it. To further enhance his letter, King captivates his audience with his unique style of word arrangement.
The deliberate arrangement of King’s words is used in a specific fashion to emphasize his major points. His use of juxtaposition on page 742 describes the nations of Asia and Africa moving at “jet-like speed” as ironically more progressive than America who “creeps at horse and buggy pace”. Usually, the nation of America is depicted as the most progressive country in the world. However, King uses juxtaposition to invert a commonly used example of something that is usually better and much more advanced. To show versatility, King utilizes two different ways to present his major points. One of these methods, called the periodic sentence is exemplified on page 742. King uses this method to continue and elongate his thought process building up to his major point, or conclusion. Contrary to the periodic sentence, King also uses another method known as the cumulative sentence. Rather than building up to the conclusion, in the example of a cumulative sentence, the major point is stated at the beginning: “I have been disappointed with the Church … I say it as a minister of the gospel, who loves the Church” (748). We immediately are aware of King’s intent just by reading the first sentence. King excels in his persuasion tactics because of his ability to anticipate his counterpart’s arguments. With that, King asks rhetorical questions throughout his letter: “Some have asked, ‘Why didn’t you give the new administration time to act?’ The only answer that I can give to this inquiry is that the new administration must be prodded about as much as the outgoing one before it acts” (741). His response to this rhetorical question is King’s attempt to point out the possible arguments that may be used against him and attacking them.
Using the three appeals, King creates an efficient argument with supporting facts. Establishing his character as an intelligent and assertive man, King would immediately get the attention of his audience. After gaining his audience’s attention, King presents his case while considering his audience’s emotions. He is able to appeal to his audience’s emotions effortlessly simply by stating observations and experiences that he’s endured. With his use of emotional appeal, he is also able to establish logic within his letter. The logical appeal served as the reasoning behind all his beliefs. To top it off, King’s use of syntax and diction demonstrate his intelligence, his mastery of the language, and his organization. With all these skills, King is sure to convince his audience of anything.
AP English – Mr. George
10.14.09
“Letter from Birmingham Jail”
In response to a letter sent to him condemning him for civil disobedience, civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. formulated a well-articulated letter to present his disposition. Eight clergymen reproached King, also a pastor, for his deliberate defiance of the law. However, King refutes this claim and explains the reasons for his actions in his letter titled, Letter from Birmingham Jail. The letter earned that title, because King actually wrote the letter while he was incarcerated. Despite these horrible circumstances, King is still able to exhibit his skills in the English language and persuade these clergymen otherwise. His objective throughout the letter is to exemplify how flawed the justice system is and to present suggestions on how it can be improved. To efficiently persuade his audience, King realizes that he cannot rely solely on the knowledge he’s gained. Thus, King opts to engage and ultimately appeal to his audience with emotion, logic and with his character. He also captivates his audience with the inclusion of syntax and diction.
Considering the fact that Martin Luther King Jr. was an African American in the 1960s, little or nothing was expected of him by the dominant whites. In this letter, King ventured to establish himself as a respectable individual. He commences his argument by calling these men who’ve criticized him his “fellow brothers”. This allows the audience to identify King’s ability to accept anybody as a close companion of his. To continue this thought, rather than expressing his anger in the clergymen, King reiterates his feelings of disappointment in the men: “I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of the community would see the justice of our cause and … serve as the channel through which our grievances could get to the power structure … But again I have been disappointed” (749). His expression of disappointment emphasizes the forgiving demeanor of King and it appeals to his audience’s emotions. As the letter progresses, King’s intelligence is exhibited. King makes references to philosophical intellects, such as Socrates, Martin Buber, and St. Thomas Aquinas, which enhances his assertion. His insertion of quotes stated by these idols demonstrates his ability to be knowledgeable beyond what most would assume, despite his current circumstances. As King reveals more of his character, he subtly incorporates emotional appeal to intrigue his audience.
King’s emotional appeal seems effortless and he is able to evoke a sense of empathy within his audience through vivid and factual descriptions: “angry violent dogs literally biting six unarmed, non-violent Negroes … their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail … [they] push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls … [they] slap and kick old Negro men and young Negro boys” (751). The accurate depiction appeals to his audience emotionally, because it is filled with a compelling vocabulary. To establish camaraderie, King also intentionally uses words like “mother”, “father”, “brother”, and “sister”. His uses of these relationships allow him to bring his audience down to the same level as him: “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your brothers and sisters at whim … then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait” (742). Just as King has family he cares about; the clergymen have family they care about. With emotional appeal being a great contribution to his piece, King also uses logic to keep himself from getting carried away with his emotions. As an established intellect, King logically and efficiently states his reasons behind the letter. His philosophical references not only demonstrate his intelligence but also illustrates his ability to support his argument with reasoning: “Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths … we must see the need of having non-violent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depth of prejudice and racism” (741). King is able to appeal emotionally and logically through his intentional word choice.
King’s use of diction is rather compelling; not only does is captivate the audience emotionally but it also exemplifies his aggressive and impassioned personality. He uses emotional appeal on page 740 when he explains, “we were the victims of a broken promise … with blasted hopes, and the dark shadow of the deep disappointment settled upon us”. His use of the word victim allows the audience to share in that common feeling of being greatly disappointed. King also excels in his attempts to persuade his audience by using an assertive word choice: “[I hope] that he [Mr. Boutwell] will be reasonable enough to see the futility of massive resistance to desegregation” (741). He purposely chooses to use these aggressive descriptions to emphasize his disagreement with segregation. As aforementioned, King has established himself as an insightful individual. Therefore, King is able to use words like “do-nothing-ism” that still have the compelling effect of the words before or after it. To further enhance his letter, King captivates his audience with his unique style of word arrangement.
The deliberate arrangement of King’s words is used in a specific fashion to emphasize his major points. His use of juxtaposition on page 742 describes the nations of Asia and Africa moving at “jet-like speed” as ironically more progressive than America who “creeps at horse and buggy pace”. Usually, the nation of America is depicted as the most progressive country in the world. However, King uses juxtaposition to invert a commonly used example of something that is usually better and much more advanced. To show versatility, King utilizes two different ways to present his major points. One of these methods, called the periodic sentence is exemplified on page 742. King uses this method to continue and elongate his thought process building up to his major point, or conclusion. Contrary to the periodic sentence, King also uses another method known as the cumulative sentence. Rather than building up to the conclusion, in the example of a cumulative sentence, the major point is stated at the beginning: “I have been disappointed with the Church … I say it as a minister of the gospel, who loves the Church” (748). We immediately are aware of King’s intent just by reading the first sentence. King excels in his persuasion tactics because of his ability to anticipate his counterpart’s arguments. With that, King asks rhetorical questions throughout his letter: “Some have asked, ‘Why didn’t you give the new administration time to act?’ The only answer that I can give to this inquiry is that the new administration must be prodded about as much as the outgoing one before it acts” (741). His response to this rhetorical question is King’s attempt to point out the possible arguments that may be used against him and attacking them.
Using the three appeals, King creates an efficient argument with supporting facts. Establishing his character as an intelligent and assertive man, King would immediately get the attention of his audience. After gaining his audience’s attention, King presents his case while considering his audience’s emotions. He is able to appeal to his audience’s emotions effortlessly simply by stating observations and experiences that he’s endured. With his use of emotional appeal, he is also able to establish logic within his letter. The logical appeal served as the reasoning behind all his beliefs. To top it off, King’s use of syntax and diction demonstrate his intelligence, his mastery of the language, and his organization. With all these skills, King is sure to convince his audience of anything.
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
Birmingham Letter - MLK; Appeals
In The Letter from Birmingham Jail, King is efficiently persuasive through the use of the three appeals, syntax, and diction.
USE OF ETHOS:
The first appeal King uses is ethos. He begins the letter with “My dear Fellow Clergyman” which exemplifies his respectful character. He continues to show his character throughout the introduction. King takes the time to explain himself, despite his claim stating that he usually does not respond to people’s disapproving of him. King describes these clergymen as “men of genuine good will”, that being the reason for his response to their sincere criticism.
As the letter progresses, we see a more intellectual aspect of his character. His reference to intelligent and philosophical idols, such as Socrates, Martin Buber, and St. Thomas Aquinas enhance his assertion. It demonstrates his ability to be knowledgeable beyond what most would assume, despite his current circumstances.
King excels at distinguishing himself from the “Average Joe”; his unique character separates him from those who would immediately become angry at the Clergymen. However, because King sees these men as his brother, he is not angry but instead is only disappointed. His reiteration of his disappointment emphasizes the forgiving demeanor of King and it also appeals to his audience’s emotions.
Finally, King opts to write with an aggressive word choice demonstrating his assertive personality. He confidently states, “We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands” (751).
USE OF PATHOS:
Much of King’s emotional appeal appeals on its own. It’s crucial to engage his audience by evoking emotions and King succeeds just by stating facts. On page 751, he vividly describes the violent and inhumane treatment of Negroes: “angry violent dogs literally biting six unarmed, nonviolent Negroes … their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail … [they] push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls … [they] slap and kick old Negro man and young Negro boys”. The factual description appeals to his audience’s emotions, because it is filled with a vivid and compelling vocabulary.
King intentionally uses words like “mother”, “father”, “brother”, and “sister” to appeal to his audience emotionally: “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim” (742). His use of these relationships allows him to bring his audience down to the same level as him. Just as King has family; the white clergymen have family that they care about.
USE OF LOGOS:
As an established intellectual man, King’s reasoning behind his argument makes sense. He logically explains the difference between a just law and an unjust law and to enhance his explanation, he inserts a quote by well renowned Saint Augustine.
In response to the church’s promise to the Negroes freedom in the future, King reasonably argues that they’ve misinterpreted the value of time. While they believe time will eventually “cure all ills”, King argues that time can either be constructive or destructive.
USE OF SYNTAX:
King’s words are deliberately arranged in a specific fashion to emphasize his major points.
His use of juxtaposition on pg. 742: describes the nations of Asia and Africa (jet-like speed) as ironically more progressive than America (creep at horse and buggy pace). Another example on pg. 750.
His use of a periodic sentence on pg.742: He continually uses a semicolon to continue his thought process and build up to the conclusion. Opposed to building up to the conclusion, King also uses Cumulative sentence on pg. 748 where he states his point at the beginning.
In attempts to anticipate his counterpart's arguments, King asks rhetorical questions throughout the letter: ex. on pg. 740; pg. 741; pg. 751
Also, King frequently arranges his sentences in a parallel structure; pg. 749, pg. 752.
USE OF DICTION:
King’s use of diction is rather compelling. His intentional choice of words and descriptions paint a vivid picture of what he is speaking of and they also evoke many different emotions.
“we were the victims of a broken promise … with blasted hopes, and the dark shadow of the deep disappointment settled upon us” (740). Appeals to emotion b/c he uses the word victim.
“[I hope] that he [Mr. Boutwell] will be reasonable enough to see the futility of massive resistance to desegregation” (741). His aggressive choices of words support his assertive character and ultimately capture his audience’s attention.
Because King has established himself as an intelligent individual, he is able to use words like “do-nothing-ism” and it still has the compelling effect of the words before or after it.
USE OF ETHOS:
The first appeal King uses is ethos. He begins the letter with “My dear Fellow Clergyman” which exemplifies his respectful character. He continues to show his character throughout the introduction. King takes the time to explain himself, despite his claim stating that he usually does not respond to people’s disapproving of him. King describes these clergymen as “men of genuine good will”, that being the reason for his response to their sincere criticism.
As the letter progresses, we see a more intellectual aspect of his character. His reference to intelligent and philosophical idols, such as Socrates, Martin Buber, and St. Thomas Aquinas enhance his assertion. It demonstrates his ability to be knowledgeable beyond what most would assume, despite his current circumstances.
King excels at distinguishing himself from the “Average Joe”; his unique character separates him from those who would immediately become angry at the Clergymen. However, because King sees these men as his brother, he is not angry but instead is only disappointed. His reiteration of his disappointment emphasizes the forgiving demeanor of King and it also appeals to his audience’s emotions.
Finally, King opts to write with an aggressive word choice demonstrating his assertive personality. He confidently states, “We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands” (751).
USE OF PATHOS:
Much of King’s emotional appeal appeals on its own. It’s crucial to engage his audience by evoking emotions and King succeeds just by stating facts. On page 751, he vividly describes the violent and inhumane treatment of Negroes: “angry violent dogs literally biting six unarmed, nonviolent Negroes … their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail … [they] push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls … [they] slap and kick old Negro man and young Negro boys”. The factual description appeals to his audience’s emotions, because it is filled with a vivid and compelling vocabulary.
King intentionally uses words like “mother”, “father”, “brother”, and “sister” to appeal to his audience emotionally: “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim” (742). His use of these relationships allows him to bring his audience down to the same level as him. Just as King has family; the white clergymen have family that they care about.
USE OF LOGOS:
As an established intellectual man, King’s reasoning behind his argument makes sense. He logically explains the difference between a just law and an unjust law and to enhance his explanation, he inserts a quote by well renowned Saint Augustine.
In response to the church’s promise to the Negroes freedom in the future, King reasonably argues that they’ve misinterpreted the value of time. While they believe time will eventually “cure all ills”, King argues that time can either be constructive or destructive.
USE OF SYNTAX:
King’s words are deliberately arranged in a specific fashion to emphasize his major points.
His use of juxtaposition on pg. 742: describes the nations of Asia and Africa (jet-like speed) as ironically more progressive than America (creep at horse and buggy pace). Another example on pg. 750.
His use of a periodic sentence on pg.742: He continually uses a semicolon to continue his thought process and build up to the conclusion. Opposed to building up to the conclusion, King also uses Cumulative sentence on pg. 748 where he states his point at the beginning.
In attempts to anticipate his counterpart's arguments, King asks rhetorical questions throughout the letter: ex. on pg. 740; pg. 741; pg. 751
Also, King frequently arranges his sentences in a parallel structure; pg. 749, pg. 752.
USE OF DICTION:
King’s use of diction is rather compelling. His intentional choice of words and descriptions paint a vivid picture of what he is speaking of and they also evoke many different emotions.
“we were the victims of a broken promise … with blasted hopes, and the dark shadow of the deep disappointment settled upon us” (740). Appeals to emotion b/c he uses the word victim.
“[I hope] that he [Mr. Boutwell] will be reasonable enough to see the futility of massive resistance to desegregation” (741). His aggressive choices of words support his assertive character and ultimately capture his audience’s attention.
Because King has established himself as an intelligent individual, he is able to use words like “do-nothing-ism” and it still has the compelling effect of the words before or after it.
Monday, October 5, 2009
Examples of Each Fallacy
HASTY GENERALIZATION - Joe and his friends never participate in gym class and it because they don't know how to play.
STEREOTYPE - Black people are ghetto.
CAUSE AND EFFECT - I scratched the side of your car, because you went to a horrible driving school.
ONLY CAUSE - If we extended the school year, less teenagers would drop out of school.
FALSE ANALOGY - Like the airplane above them, the track team soared across the horizon.
ATTACKING THE PERSON - Your ideas of imposing new laws into the Constitution is invalid, because you break the laws everyday.
EITHER-OR - Either pray to God everyday or rot in Hell.
NON-SEQUITUR - The gas tank is half full, however the tank is not full so we cannot go to the Party.
CIRCULAR REASONING - Barack Obama should be President, he's African American. We've never had an African American President and he has a good sense of humor.
STEREOTYPE - Black people are ghetto.
CAUSE AND EFFECT - I scratched the side of your car, because you went to a horrible driving school.
ONLY CAUSE - If we extended the school year, less teenagers would drop out of school.
FALSE ANALOGY - Like the airplane above them, the track team soared across the horizon.
ATTACKING THE PERSON - Your ideas of imposing new laws into the Constitution is invalid, because you break the laws everyday.
EITHER-OR - Either pray to God everyday or rot in Hell.
NON-SEQUITUR - The gas tank is half full, however the tank is not full so we cannot go to the Party.
CIRCULAR REASONING - Barack Obama should be President, he's African American. We've never had an African American President and he has a good sense of humor.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Correct & Incorrect Syllogisms
Correct:
Birds have wings
Wings enable anybody/anything to fly
Birds can fly.
Chocolate is sweet
Hersheys is chocolate
Hersheys is sweet.
Exercising helps you lose weight
Playing sports is a way of exercising
Playing sports helps you lose weight.
Incorrect:
Jim Carrey is a comedian
Jim Carrey is Canadian
All Canadians are funny.
Barack Obama is a Democrat
Barack Obama is African American
African Americans are Democrats.
New York City is a crowded place
Crowded places have rats
New York City has rats.
Birds have wings
Wings enable anybody/anything to fly
Birds can fly.
Chocolate is sweet
Hersheys is chocolate
Hersheys is sweet.
Exercising helps you lose weight
Playing sports is a way of exercising
Playing sports helps you lose weight.
Incorrect:
Jim Carrey is a comedian
Jim Carrey is Canadian
All Canadians are funny.
Barack Obama is a Democrat
Barack Obama is African American
African Americans are Democrats.
New York City is a crowded place
Crowded places have rats
New York City has rats.
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Proposal
Ashley,
You are, without a doubt, the most amazing woman I’ve ever met. Everything from your beauty, to your personality amazes me every day. Whenever I see you, my heart smiles. I cherish every last second spent with you and when I am not with you – my body aches for your presence as I think that I’ve wasted time that could’ve been spent with you. As I think of the valuable time spent with you, I have assessed that I need you in my life. Life without you seems impossible and to me it’s not living. I want to spend the rest of my time here with you, making you the happiest woman alive. You have gone through some difficult situations in the past, but I remained by your side reassuring you that everything would be okay. You know that whenever you need someone to talk to or a shoulder to cry on, I’ve always been there and I will continue to be. Just as I compliment you, you compliment me with your comforting voice. Your life and my life would simply be incomplete without the support of each other. I am willing to sacrifice my happiness in order to keep that beautiful smile on your face. I would even circle the stars and bring you one back to show you how dedicated my life is to making you the happiest woman on earth. I love you so much and I am asking you to please take this ring and accept my proposal to you. I want to officially make you my wife and continue loving you with every loin in my body. With your approval, I promise to love you through your sicknesses and your health and I will stand by your side even when I don’t necessarily have to or when I don’t need to.
You are, without a doubt, the most amazing woman I’ve ever met. Everything from your beauty, to your personality amazes me every day. Whenever I see you, my heart smiles. I cherish every last second spent with you and when I am not with you – my body aches for your presence as I think that I’ve wasted time that could’ve been spent with you. As I think of the valuable time spent with you, I have assessed that I need you in my life. Life without you seems impossible and to me it’s not living. I want to spend the rest of my time here with you, making you the happiest woman alive. You have gone through some difficult situations in the past, but I remained by your side reassuring you that everything would be okay. You know that whenever you need someone to talk to or a shoulder to cry on, I’ve always been there and I will continue to be. Just as I compliment you, you compliment me with your comforting voice. Your life and my life would simply be incomplete without the support of each other. I am willing to sacrifice my happiness in order to keep that beautiful smile on your face. I would even circle the stars and bring you one back to show you how dedicated my life is to making you the happiest woman on earth. I love you so much and I am asking you to please take this ring and accept my proposal to you. I want to officially make you my wife and continue loving you with every loin in my body. With your approval, I promise to love you through your sicknesses and your health and I will stand by your side even when I don’t necessarily have to or when I don’t need to.
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